State-Space Formulation for Buckling and Free Vibration of Axially Functionally Graded Graphene Reinforced Nanocomposite Microbeam under Axially Varying Loads.

This paper focuses on the size-dependent free vibration and buckling behaviors of the axially functionally graded (AFG) graphene platelets (GPLs) reinforced nanocomposite microbeams subjected to axially varying loads (AVLs). With various axial grading patterns, the GPL nano-reinforcements are distributed throughout the polymer matrix against microbeam length, and the improved Halpin-Tsai micromechanics model and the rule of mixture are adopted to evaluate the effective material properties. Eigenvalue equations of the microbeams governing the static stability and vibration are derived based on the modified couple stress Euler-Bernoulli beam theory via the state-space method, and are analytically solved with the discrete equilong segment model. The effects of axial distribution patterns, weight fraction, and geometric parameters of GPLs, as well as different types of AVLs, on the size-dependent buckling load and natural frequency are scrutinized in detail. The results show that the synchronized axial distributions of GPLs and AVLs could improve the buckling resistance and natural frequency more powerfully.

Genome-Wide Characterization of Differentially Expressed Scent Genes in the MEP Control Network of the Flower of Lilium 'Sorbonne'.

Fragrance is an important feature of ornamental lilies. Components of volatile substances and important genes for monoterpene synthesis in the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway were examined in this study. Twenty volatile compounds (2 in the budding stage, 3 in the initial flowering stage, 7 in the semi-flowering stage, 17 in the full-flowering stage, and 5 in withering stage) were detected in the Oriental lily 'Sorbonne' using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The semi- and full-flowering stages were key periods for volatile substance production and enzyme function. Sequence assembly from samples collected during all flowering stages resulted in the detection of 274,849 genes and 129,017 transcripts. RNA sequencing and heatmapping led to the detection of genes in the MEP monoterpene metabolism pathway. Through gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, we extracted key genes (LiDXS2, LiLIS, and LiMYS) and transcription factors (in the bHLH, MYB, HD-ZIP, and NAC families) associated with the MEP pathway. Tissue localization revealed that LiDXS2, LiLIS, and LiMYS were expressed in Lilium 'Sorbonne' petals in the full-flowering stage. Genes regulating the 1-deoxy-D-X-lignone-5-phosphate synthase family of rate-limiting enzymes, involved in the first step of monoterpene synthesis, showed high expression in the semi- and full-flowering stages. LiDXS2 was cloned and localized in chloroplast subcells. The relative expression of terpene-related genes in the MEP and mevalonic acid pathways of wild-type and LiLIS/LiMYS transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana, and changes in chemical composition, confirmed that LiLIS/LiMYS regulates the monoterpene synthesis pathway. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the synthesis of lily aromatic substances and the cultivation of new garden flower varieties.

Cloning and Functional Characterization of 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase (LiMCT) Gene in Oriental Lily (Lilium 'Sorbonne').

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-phosphate cytidylyltransferase (MCT) is a key enzyme in the MEP pathway of monoterpene synthesis, catalyzing the generation of 4- (5'-pyrophosphate cytidine)-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol from 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate. We used homologous cloning strategy to clone gene, LiMCT, in the MEP pathway that may be involved in the regulation of floral fragrance synthesis in the Lilium oriental hybrid 'Sorbonne.' The full-length ORF sequence was 837 bp, encoding 278 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the relative molecular weight of LiMCT protein is 68.56 kD and the isoelectric point (pI) is 5.12. The expression pattern of LiMCT gene was found to be consistent with the accumulation sites and emission patterns of floral fragrance monoterpenes in transcriptome data (unpublished). Subcellular localization indicated that the LiMCT protein is located in chloroplasts, which is consistent with the location of MEP pathway genes functioning in plastids to produce isoprene precursors. Overexpression of LiMCT in Arabidopsis thaliana affected the expression levels of MEP and MVA pathway genes, suggesting that overexpression of the LiMCT in A. thaliana affected the metabolic flow of C5 precursors of two different terpene synthesis pathways. The expression of the monoterpene synthase AtTPS14 was elevated nearly fourfold in transgenic A. thaliana compared with the control, and the levels of carotenoids and chlorophylls, the end products of the MEP pathway, were significantly increased in the leaves at full bloom, indicating that LiMCT plays an important role in regulating monoterpene synthesis and in the synthesis of other isoprene-like precursors in transgenic A. thaliana flowers. However, the specific mechanism of LiMCT in promoting the accumulation of isoprene products of the MEP pathway and the biosynthesis of floral monoterpene volatile components needs further investigation.

Wave Propagation in the Viscoelastic Functionally Graded Cylindrical Shell Based on the First-Order Shear Deformation Theory.

Based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic model, one derives a wave equation of longitudinal guide waves in viscoelastic orthotropic cylindrical shells, which analytically solves the wave equation and explains the intrinsic meaning of the wave propagation. In the numerical examples, the velocity curves of the first few modes for the elastic cylindrical shell are first calculated, and the results of the available literature are compared to verify the derivation and programming. Furthermore, the phase velocity curves and attenuation coefficient curves of the guide waves for a functionally graded (FG) shell are calculated, and the effects of viscoelastic parameters, material gradient patterns, material volume fractions, and size ratios on the phase velocity curves and attenuation curves are studied. This study can be widely used to analytically model the wave propagating in inhomogeneous viscoelastic composite structures and present a theoretical basis for the excellent service performance of composite structures and ultrasonic devices.

Advances in mRNA vaccines for viral diseases.

Since the onset of the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have demonstrated outstanding performance. mRNA vaccines offer significant advantages over conventional vaccines in production speed and cost-effectiveness, making them an attractive option against other viral diseases. This article reviewed recent advances in viral mRNA vaccines and their delivery systems to provide references and guidance for developing mRNA vaccines for new viral diseases.

Revolutionizing viral disease vaccination: the promising clinical advancements of non-replicating mRNA vaccines.

The mRNA vaccine technology was developed rapidly during the global pandemic of COVID-19. The crucial role of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in preventing viral infection also have been beneficial to the exploration and application of other viral mRNA vaccines, especially for non-replication structure mRNA vaccines of viral disease with outstanding research results. Therefore, this review pays attention to the existing mRNA vaccines, which are of great value for candidates for clinical applications in viral diseases. We provide an overview of the optimization of the mRNA vaccine development process as well as the good immune efficacy and safety shown in clinical studies. In addition, we also provide a brief description of the important role of mRNA immunomodulators in the treatment of viral diseases. After that, it will provide a good reference or strategy for research on mRNA vaccines used in clinical medicine with more stable structures, higher translation efficiency, better immune efficacy and safety, shorter production time, and lower production costs than conditional vaccines to be used as preventive or therapeutic strategy for the control of viral diseases in the future.

HBV Enhances Sorafenib Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Reducing Ferroptosis via SRSF2-Mediated Abnormal PCLAF Splicing.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal human cancers. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection accounts for nearly 50% of HCC cases. Recent studies indicate that HBV infection induces resistance to sorafenib, the first-line systemic treatment for advanced HCC for more than a decade, from 2007 to 2020. Our previous research shows that variant 1 (tv1) of proliferating cell nuclear antigen clamp-associated factor (PCLAF), overexpressed in HCC, protects against doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. However, there are no reports on the relevance of PCLAF in sorafenib resistance in HBV-related HCC. In this article, we found that PCLAF levels were higher in HBV-related HCC than in non-virus-related HCC using bioinformatics analysis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of clinical samples and the splicing reporter minigene assay using HCC cells revealed that PCLAF tv1 was elevated by HBV. Furthermore, HBV promoted the splicing of PCLAF tv1 by downregulating serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 (SRSF2), which hindered the inclusion of PCLAF exon 3 through a putative cis-element (116-123), "GATTCCTG". The CCK-8 assay showed that HBV decreased cell susceptibility to sorafenib through SRSF2/PCLAF tv1. HBV reduced ferroptosis by decreasing intracellular Fe2+ levels and activating GPX4 expression via the SRSF2/PCLAF tv1 axis, according to a mechanism study. Suppressed ferroptosis, on the other hand, contributed to HBV-mediated sorafenib resistance through SRSF2/PCLAF tv1. These data suggested that HBV regulated PCLAF abnormal alternative splicing by suppressing SRSF2. HBV caused sorafenib resistance by reducing ferroptosis via the SRSF2/PCLAF tv1 axis. As a result, the SRSF2/PCLAF tv1 axis may be a prospective molecular therapeutic target in HBV-related HCC, as well as a predictor of sorafenib resistance. The inhibition of the SRSF2/PCLAF tv1 axis may be crucial in the emergence of systemic chemotherapy resistance in HBV-associated HCC.

CD73/NT5E is a Potential Biomarker for Cancer Prognosis and Immunotherapy for Multiple Types of Cancers.

Cluster of Differentiations 73 (CD73)/ecto-5'-nucleotidase (NT5E) is a novel type of immune molecular marker expressed on many tumor cells and involved in regulating the essential immune functions and affecting the prognosis of cancer patients. However, it is not clear how the NT5E is linked to the infiltration levels of the immune cells in pan-cancer patients and their final prognosis. This study explores the role of NT5E in 33 tumor types using GEPIA, TIMER, Oncomine, BioGPS databases, and several bioinformatic tools. The findings reveal that the NT5E is abnormally expressed in a majority of the types of cancers and can be used for determining the prognosis prediction ability of different cancers. Moreover, NT5E is significantly related to the infiltration status of numerous immune cells, immune-activated pathways, and immunoregulator expressions. Last, specific inhibitor molecules, like NORNICOTINE, AS-703026, and FOSTAMATINIB, which inhibit the expression of NT5E in various types of cancers, are screened with the CMap. Thus, it is proposed that NT5E can be utilized as a potential biomarker for predicting the prognosis of cancer patients and determining the infiltration of various immune cells in different types of cancers.

ADAMTS1 as potential prognostic biomarker promotes malignant invasion of glioma.

BACKGROUND: Glioma is the most common intracranial malignancy in adults with a high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis, which is largely attributed to the existence of glioma stem cells (GSCs). Previous evidence indicated that the matrix metalloproteinase ADAMTS1 was implicated in the process of tumor invasion, but the involvement of ADAMTS1 in glioma malignant invasion remains poorly understood. METHODS: The expression and prognosis values of ADAMTS1 were investigated in patients with glioma based on ONCOMINE and GEPIA databases. ADAMTS1 expression of different malignancy grade tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. The effects of ADAMTS1 on cell proliferation and invasion were determined by clone formation assay and Transwell migration assay. The animal experiment was performed in an intracranial orthotopic xenograft model by knockout of ADAMTS1. Stemness properties and Notch1-SOX2 pathway were examined in stable ADAMTS1 knockdown GSCs. RESULTS: The expression levels of ADAMTS1 were significantly higher in glioma tissues and significantly correlated with the grade of malignancy and prognosis of glioma. Elevated ADAMTS1 expression was associated with SOX2, N-cadherin and the resistance of chemoradiotherapy of glioma patients. ADAMTS1 knockout suppressed the intracranial orthotopic xenograft growth and prolonged the survival of xenograft mice in vivo. Mechanistically, we found a blockade of the migration and invasiveness of GSCs and the expression levels of Notch1 and SOX2 in absence of ADAMTS1. CONCLUSION: As a biomarker for prediction of prognosis, ADAMTS1 may affect the invasive phenotype of GSCs by regulating Notch1-SOX2 signaling pathway, thereby promoting the invasive growth of glioma.

Pharmacokinetic study of single and multiple oral administration of glutamine in healthy Beagles.

Glutamine is an amino acid that is mainly used for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in clinic, but there is a lack of such medicine in veterinary clinic, and its research in dogs has never been seen. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of single and multiple administration of glutamine (Gln) tablets in Beagles. Twenty-four healthy Beagles were randomly selected for the pharmacokinetic study of a single dose of low (120 mg/kg), medium (240 mg/kg), and high (360 mg/kg) Gln tablets. After 7 days of washout period, six Beagles in the medium group were selected for a multiple-dose pharmacokinetic study, 240 mg/kg twice a day for 7 days. The Gln concentration in plasma was determined by a validated UPLC-MS/MS method. The results of single oral administration of different doses of Gln tablets showed that Cmax, AUC0→t, AUC0→∝ had a certain linear relationship with the dosage. T-tests were performed for single and multiple administration of Tmax, Cmax, t1/2λz, AUC0→t, and AUC0→∝, and the results showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). Therefore, Gln tablets were absorbed quickly by oral administration, and there was no accumulation in Beagles after 7 days of administration.

Photoredox-catalyzed C-C bond cleavage of cyclopropanes for the formation of C(sp3)-heteroatom bonds.

Sterically congested C-O and C-N bonds are ubiquitous in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and bioactive compounds. However, the development of a general method for the efficient construction of those sterically demanding covalent bonds still remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a photoredox-driven ring-opening C(sp3)-heteroatom bond formation of arylcyclopropanes is presented, which enables the construction of structurally diversified while sterically congested dialkyl ether, alkyl ester, alcohol, amine, chloride/fluoride, azide and also thiocyanate derivatives. The selective single electron oxidation of aryl motif associated with the thermodynamic driving force from ring strain-release is the key for this transformation. By this synergistic activation mode, C-C bond cleavage of otherwise inert cyclopropane framework is successfully unlocked. Further mechanistic and computational studies disclose a complete stereoinversion upon nucleophilic attack, thus proving a concerted SN2-type ring-opening functionalization manifold, while the regioselectivity is subjected to an orbital control scenario.

Anchoring Ce-modified Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles on Ni-MOF nanosheets to enhances the oxygen evolution performance.

Constructing a heterostructure is an efficient strategy to enhance the catalytic activity toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, Ce-modified Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles are anchored on Ni-MOF nanosheets by the electrodeposition strategy, forming a self-supporting electrode of Ce-m-Ni(OH)2@Ni-MOF. The Raman spectrum proves that both Ce(OH)3 and Ce doping exist in Ce-modified Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles. The heterostructure possesses an open nanosheet structure, with a good interaction between Ni-MOF and Ce-m-Ni(OH)2, which enables efficient mass/charge transfer and the synergetic effect between Ni and Ce, leading to a high-performance electrocatalyst. Specifically, Ce-m-Ni(OH)2@Ni-MOF achieves current densities of 50 and 100 mA cm-2 at low overpotentials of 219 and 272 mV, respectively, and retains high activity for at least 30 h.

Retraction Notice to: Exosomes Carrying MicroRNA-155 Target Forkhead Box O3 of Endothelial Cells and Promote Angiogenesis in Gastric Cancer.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.10.006.].

A validated UPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of glutamine in plasma and pharmacokinetic study of oral glutamine tablets in healthy Beagles.

This study aimed to clarify the laws of glutamine tablets absorption, distribution, and metabolism in Beagles and to provide a basis for formulating dosing regimens. Twelve healthy Beagles were enrolled the absolute bioavailability study with a crossover design . Glutamine tablets (240 mg/kg b.w.) or glutamine sterile solution (60 mg/kg b.w.) were administered. A method for the determination of glutamine in Beagles' plasma by UPLC-MS/MS was established, with high sensitivity, specificity, and simplicity. Based on the study of endogenous glutamine concentration, the mean concentration of the four time points before drug administration was selected as the background concentration of glutamine. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartment model. The Cmax of glutamine was 136.11 ± 72.51 µg/ml, Tmax was 0.85 ± 0.29 h, and t1/2λz was 0.42 ± 0.27 h after oral administration. The AUC0-t of glutamine was 116.30 ± 75.15 h·µg/ml vs. 44.55 ± 22.48 h·µg/ml following oral and IV administration, respectively, with an absolute bioavailability of 64.74% ± 19.18%. The results showed glutamine was quickly absorbed and eliminated in Beagles with high bioavailability. Therefore, glutamine is suitable to be prepared as oral tablets and recommended to shorten the dosing interval.

Heterologous Expression of LiSEP3 from Oriental Lilium Hybrid 'Sorbonne' Promotes the Flowering of Arabidopsis thaliana L.

The MADS-box gene family has multiple molecular and biological functions in plants. Here, the LiSEP3 gene of the MADS-box gene family of' 'Sorbonne' was obtained by homologous cloning using the petals of the flowering stage of Lilium Oriental Hybrid 'Sorbonne.' The ORF full-length sequence is 729 bp, encoding 242 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the relative molecular weight of the LiSEP3 protein is 27.67 kD and the isoelectric point (pI) is 9.16. The prediction result of the gene positioning is transcription in its nucleus. Homologous alignment of amino acid sequences showed that the protein not only had typical MADS-box and K-box domains, but also contained two short and relatively conservative SEP motifs. The phylogenetic tree showed that the amino acid sequence encoded by the LiSEP3 gene had the closest relationship with SEP3 in monocotyledon plants such as Apostasia odorata. The results of real-time PCR showed that LiSEP3 gene was mainly expressed in petal. During flower development, the expression level of the LiSEP3 gene showed an overall trend of initially increasing and then decreasing. The flowering time of LiSEP3 transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana L. plants was earlier than that of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana L. plants, compared with wild type, the number of rosette leaves is less. In the transgenic plants, the expression of flowering-associated AtSPL5 and AtGI genes was up-regulated, while the expression of AtSVP and AtFRI genes that inhibit flowering was down-regulated, which was consistent with the statistical results of the flowering time of LiSEP3 transgenic plants. Our results illustrate that the heterologous expression of SEP3 functional genes in the MADS-box family promoted the flowering period of transgenic plants of this hybrid. This research provides a theoretical basis for improving the flowering period of ornamental plants through plant genetic engineering technology and enhancing their economic and social values.

Waves Propagating in Nano-Layered Phononic Crystals with Flexoelectricity, Microstructure, and Micro-Inertia Effects.

The miniaturization of electronic devices is an important trend in the development of modern microelectronics information technology. However, when the size of the component or the material is reduced to the micro/nano scale, some size-dependent effects have to be taken into account. In this paper, the wave propagation in nano phononic crystals is investigated, which may have a potential application in the development of acoustic wave devices in the nanoscale. Based on the electric Gibbs free energy variational principle for nanosized dielectrics, a theoretical framework describing the size-dependent phenomenon was built, and the governing equation as well as the dispersion relation derived; the flexoelectric effect, microstructure, and micro-inertia effects are taken into consideration. To uncover the influence of these three size-dependent effects on the width and midfrequency of the band gaps of the waves propagating in periodically layered structures, some related numerical examples were shown. Comparing the present results with the results obtained with the classical elastic theory, we find that the coupled effects of flexoelectricity, microstructure, and micro-inertia have a significant or even dominant influence on the waves propagating in phononic crystals in the nanoscale. With increase in the size of the phononic crystal, the size effects gradually disappear and the corresponding dispersion curves approach the dispersion curves obtained with the conventional elastic theory, which verify the results obtained in this paper. Thus, when we study the waves propagating in phononic crystals in the micro/nano scale, the flexoelectric, microstructure, and micro-inertia effects should be considered.

A systematic review of ozone therapy for treating chronically refractory wounds and ulcers.

This study aims at evaluating the efficacy and safety of ozone therapy for chronic wounds. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Ovid Embase, Web of Science, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were searched. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) about participants with chronic wounds were included. Risk of bias assessment was performed by the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. A randomised-effects model was applied to pool results according to the types of wounds or ulcers. Among 12 included studies, ozone was implemented by topical application (ozone gas bath, ozonated oil, ozone water flushing) and systematic applications including autologous blood immunomodulation and rectal insufflation. The results indicated compared with standard control therapy for diabetic foot ulcers, ozone therapy regardless of monotherapy or combined control treatment markedly accelerated the improvement of the wound area(standardised mean difference(SMD) = 66.54%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [46.18,86.90], P < .00001) and reduced the amputation rate (risk ration (RR) = 0.36, 95% CI = [0.24,0.54], P < .00001). But there is no improvement in the proportion of participants with completely healed wounds and length of hospital stay. No adverse events associated with ozone treatment have been reported. And the efficacy of ozone therapy for other wound types is still uncertain because of no sufficient studies. More high-quality randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of ozone therapy for chronic wounds or ulcers.

Efficacy and safety of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease, and 62% of patients with UC felt that it is difficult for them to live a normal life. Furthermore, some researches have shown that about 15% of patients with UC undergo at least one extreme clinical course in their lifetime, and 10%-30% of patients with UC oblige colectomy. Although many investigations have demonstrated that HBO2 has a beneficial impact on UC treatment, a systematic review and meta-analysis are unavailable. Therefore, a meta-analysis is essential to assess the efficacy and safety of HBO2 in treating UC. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A systematic search plan will be performed in the following seven databases with a restriction of time from inception to September 2020 to filter the eligible studies: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP) and Chinese Biomedical Database WanFang. Other related resources will be also searched. Two independent reviewers will choose eligible researches and extract data. The risk of bias will be evaluated based on Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Eventually, a systematic review and meta-analysis will be performed via the Review Manager V.5.3 statistical software and STATA V.14.0 software. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study will not involve the individual patient and any ethical problems since its outcomes are based on published data. Therefore, no ethical review and approval are required. We plan to publish the study in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020210244.

Serum microRNAs as Biomarkers for the Noninvasive Early Diagnosis of Biliary Tract Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are aggressive malignancies with difficult early diagnosis and poor prognosis. Studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are expected to be biomarkers of the disease, which indicates that we can diagnose cancers according to the miRNAs that have significant changes. The aim of this study was to explore miRNA biomarkers of BTCs. METHODS: A total of 163 samples were collected and divided into the control group, the benign group and the malignant group. High-throughput low-density chips were used to screen miRNAs with significant changes. Then, the preliminary screening test and the verification test were performed by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). Finally, the level of miRNAs in serum exosomes was measured. RESULTS: MiR-10a, miR-21, miR-135b, miR-221, and miR-214 were upregulated in the BTCs group compared to the control group. The change in the miR-221 level was statistically significant when the malignant group was compared with the benign group (P<0.01). Meanwhile, miR-135b and miR-214 were enriched in serum exosomes. CONCLUSION: Five miRNAs in the serum were found to be significantly upregulated in patients with BTCs. Among them, miR-221 can serve as an early diagnostic marker for BTCs patients. MiR-10a, miR-21, miR-135b and miR-214 can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of biliary diseases.

TRAPPC13 Is a Novel Target of Mesorhizobium amorphae Type III Secretion System Effector NopP.

Similar to pathogenic bacteria, rhizobia can inject effector proteins into host cells directly to promote infection via the type III secretion system (T3SS). Nodulation outer protein P (NopP), a specific T3SS effector of rhizobia, plays different roles in the establishment of multiple rhizobia-legume symbiotic systems. Mesorhizobium amorphae CCNWGS0123 (GS0123), which infects Robinia pseudoacacia specifically, secretes several T3SS effectors, including NopP. Here, we demonstrate that NopP is secreted through T3SS-I of GS0123 during the early stages of infection, and its deficiency decreases nodule nitrogenase activity of R. pseudoacacia nodules. A trafficking protein particle complex subunit 13-like protein (TRAPPC13) has been identified as a NopP target protein in R. pseudoacacia roots by screening a yeast two-hybrid library. The physical interaction between NopP and TRAPPC13 is verified by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and coimmunoprecipitation assays. In addition, subcellular localization analysis reveals that both NopP and its target, TRAPPC13, are colocalized on the plasma membrane. Compared with GS0123-inoculated R. pseudoacacia roots, some genes associated with cell wall remodeling and plant innate immunity down-regulated in ΔnopP-inoculated roots at 36 h postinoculation. The results suggest that NopP in M. amorphae CCNWGS0123 acts in multiple processes in R. pseudoacacia during the early stages of infection, and TRAPPC13 could participate in the process as a NopP target.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.